Autobiography long walk to freedom

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  • The research and archive team at the Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory. From far left: Archivist Lucia Raadschelders, Senior Researcher Sahm Venter, Archivist Zanele Riba and Senior Archivist Razia Saleh.

    Nelson Mandela’s autobiography Long Walk to Freedom was published twenty years ago, in December 1994. He started writing it on Robben Island in 1976, but before it was finally published it followed an almost two decade journey involving numerous other people.

    During that journey the text was worked and re-worked and travelled through institutional and other collaborative processes. This is a fascinating story in itself and still awaits in-depth research. Here is an outline of key moments in the text’s journey.  

    Inevitably the text’s evolution generated elisions, collisions and imprecisions. Most significantly, the teams which worked on it did not have access to critical archival resources. For a decade now the Nelson Mandela Foundation’s research and archive team have been locating, documenting and interrogating those resources. This continuing labour has revealed a number of inaccuracies in the published text. Here is a summary of the results of this labour.  

    Two examples illustrate the work the Foundation has done. A typescript of Long Walk created from the manuscript smuggled off Robben Island in 1976 shows Madiba recording the year of his father’s death as 1930. This he also wrote in his biographical sketch during the Rivonia Trial in 1963 (as illustrated in the image below). Extant historical evidence authenticates this dating. And yet the published text has the death occurring when Madiba was nine years old, that is in 1927 or 1928.

    Nelson Mandela's biographical sketch during the Rivonia Trial in 1963. Image courtesy of Senate House Library, University of London. 

    The published text records Madiba as wearing a leopard-skin kaross during his 1962 trial. And yet contemporary news reports identify the kar

    Long Walk to Freedom ─ The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela

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    Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the center of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africa's anti-apartheid movement, he was instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. The foster son of a Thembu chief, Mandela was raised in the traditional, tribal culture of his ancestors, but at an early age learned the modern, inescapable reality of what came to be called apartheid, one of the most powerful and effective systems of oppression ever conceived. In classically elegant and engrossing prose, he tells of his early years as an impoverished student and law clerk in Johannesburg, of his slow political awakening, and of his pivotal role in the rebirth of a stagnant ANC and the formation of its Youth League in the 1950s. He describes the struggle to reconcile his political activity with his devotion to his family, the anguished breakup of his first marriage, and the painful separations from his children. He brings vividly to life the escalating political warfare in the fifties between the ANC and the government, culminating in his dramatic escapades as an underground leader and the notorious Rivonia Trial of 1964, at which he was sentenced to life imprisonment. Herecounts the surprisingly eventful twenty-seven years in prison and the complex, delicate negotiations that led both to his freedom and to the beginning of the end of apartheid.

    Long Walk to Freedom

    Autobiography of Nelson Mandela

    This article is about the Nelson Mandela autobiography. For other uses, see Long Walk to Freedom (disambiguation).

    Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiography by South Africa's first democratically elected PresidentNelson Mandela, and it was first published in 1994 by Little Brown & Co. The book profiles his early life, coming of age, education and 27 years spent in prison. Under the apartheid government, Mandela was regarded as a terrorist and jailed on Robben Island for his role as a leader of the then-outlawed African National Congress (ANC) and its armed wing the Umkhonto We Sizwe. He later achieved international recognition for his leadership as president in rebuilding the country's once segregationist society. The last chapters of the book describe his political ascension and his belief that the struggle still continued against apartheid in South Africa.

    Overview

    In the first part of the autobiography, Mandela describes his upbringing as a child and adolescent in South Africa and being connected to the royal Thembu dynasty. His Xhosa birth name was Rolihlahla, which is loosely translated as "pulling the branch of a tree", or a euphemism for "troublemaker".

    Mandela describes his education at a Thembu college called Clarkebury, and later at the strict Healdtown school. He mentions his education at the University of Fort Hare, and his practice of law later on. He also writes; "Democracy meant all men to be heard, and the decision was taken together as a people. Majority rule was a foreign notion. A minority was not to be clashed by a majority." (p. 29)

    In the second part of the book, Mandela introduces political and social aspects of apartheid in South Africa, and the influences of politicians such as Daniel François Malan who implemented the nadir of African freedoms, as he officially commenced t

    The Illustrated Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography.

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