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History of the Labor Movement in America.

The standard of life is the regulator of the wages of the toiling masses. Our population is a mixture of many nationalities, who differ in their habits of living. In 1640 the British colonies contained an aggregate population of 25,000 whites. In 1660 the total had increased to 80,000. In 1689 the number was about 200,000; in 1721 it reached about 500,000; in 1743, 1,000,000; in 1767, 2,000,000. The whole population at the outbreak of the war of independence was not much more than 2,500,000. The whole number of aliens who came to the United States from 1789 to 1820 was about 250,000; from 1820 to date, about 14,250,000, making about 14,500,000, nearly one-half of whom arrived since 1870. According to the census of 1880 there were in the United States 6,679,943 persons of foreign birth, constituting 13 per cent. of the whole population; 6,580,793 colored persons, and 36,723,207 native whites, and there were 14,922,744 persons who had one or both parents foreign born. At the present time we have 60,000,000 people, and the proportionate increase of persons of foreign parentage has been very large, especially in cities and mining regions.

The agitation of shorter hours of daily work begins with the present century. The labor men were then self-employed mechanics, and the factory system, with its labor-aiding machinery, was hardly yet known. The building trades were then, as now, in the advance of this short-hour movement. The New York Society of Journey. men Shipwrights was incorporated April 30, 1803, and the house carpenters of the city of New York in 1806. At that time the journeymen mechanics and the master mechanics were the employes of the merchants, who resolved that “We view with deep regret the course that

American period drama television series (2007–2015)

This article is about the television series. For the DC Comics villains, see Madmen (DC Comics). For the Gen Hoshino song, see Madmen (song).

Mad Men is an American period drama television series created by Matthew Weiner and produced by Lionsgate Television. It ran on cable network AMC from July 19, 2007, to May 17, 2015, with seven seasons and 92 episodes. It is set during the period of March 1960 to November 1970.

Mad Men begins at the fictional Sterling Cooper advertising agency on Madison Avenue in Manhattan, New York City, and continues at the new firm of Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce (later named Sterling Cooper & Partners) in the Time-Life Building at 1271 Sixth Avenue. According to the pilot episode, the term "Mad men" was coined in the 1950s by advertisers working on Madison Avenue to refer to themselves, "Mad" being short for "Madison". (the only documented use of the phrase from that time may be the late-1950s writings of James Kelly, an advertising executive and writer.)

The series's main character is charismatic advertising executive Don Draper (played by Jon Hamm), who is initially the talented creative director at Sterling Cooper. Though erratic and mysterious, he is widely regarded throughout the advertising world as a genius; some of the most famous ad campaigns in history are shown to be his creations. In later seasons, Don struggles as his highly calculated identity falls into a period of decline. The show follows the people in his personal and professional lives, most notably Peggy Olson (Elisabeth Moss), who is introduced as Don's secretary but soon discovers her passion for copywriting. It also focuses heavily on the characters of Pete Campbell (Vincent Kartheiser), a young executive at the firm; Betty Draper (January Jones), Don's wife; Joan Holloway (Christina Hendricks), the firm's office manager; Roger Sterling (John Slattery), one of

The Twelve-Inch Rule and the Common Gavel.

Force, unregulated or ill-regulated, is not only wasted in the void, like that of gunpowder burned in the open air, and steam unconfined by science; but, striking in the dark, and its blows meeting only the air, they recoil and bruise itself. It is destruction and ruin. It is the volcano, the earthquake, the cyclone;—not growth and progress. It is Polyphemus blinded, striking at random, and falling headlong among the sharp rocks by the impetus of his own blows.

The blind Force of the people is a Force that must be economized, and also managed, as the blind Force of steam, lifting the ponderous iron arms and turning the large wheels, is made to bore and rifle the cannon and to weave the most delicate lace. It must be regulated by Intellect. Intellect is to the people and the people's Force, what the slender needle of the compass is to the ship—its soul, always counselling the huge mass of wood and iron, and always pointing to the north. To attack the citadels built up on all sides against the human race by superstitions, despotisms, and prejudices, the Force must have a brain and a law. Then its deeds of daring produce permanent results, and there is real progress. Then there are sublime conquests. Thought is a force, and philosophy should be an energy, finding its aim and its effects in the amelioration of mankind. The two great motors are Truth and Love. When all these Forces are combined, and guided by the Intellect, and regulated by the RULE of Right, and Justice, and of combined and systematic movement and effort, the great revolution prepared for by the ages will begin to march. The POWER of the Deity Himself is in equilibrium with His WISDOM. Hence the only results are HARMONY.

It is because Force is ill regulated, that revolutions prove failures. Therefore it is that so often insurrections, coming from those high mountains that domineer over the moral horizon,

Leeds Industrial Museum at Armley Mills is celebrating the untold histories of the working class women elected to represent some of Britain’s greatest industries, from coal to cotton, from the 1920s to the 1980s

In the turbulent history of twentieth century British industry and the long but steady decline of coal, steel, engineering and textile manufacturing, there is one social history that remains strangely neglected: the story of the industry queens.

Elected to represent mills, factories mines and railways the industry queens were a 20th century phenomenon that grew out of a desire to give the workers something to celebrate – and distract them from the hardships of early twentieth century working life.

Based on the May queens of village fetes and fairs, the first Railway Queens were elected in the 1920s and the last Coal Queen in the early 1980s – a period which saw scores of girls aged between 14 and 17 plucked from the factory or mill floor or from the families of railway or mine workers to become ambassadors, feted celebrities and in some rare cases stars of stage and screen.

But according to John McGoldrick, Curator of Industrial History at Leeds Industrial Museum whose exhibition Cotton Queens explores this little known phenomenon, for the girls who were crowned it was exceptionally hard work.

“Some of the Cotton Queens had a full schedule,” he says, “you could do upwards of 150 engagements in a year so